Macular Degeneration Care

Comprehensive management to preserve your central vision and quality of life. Early detection and expert care are essential for managing AMD effectively.

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What is Macular Degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. The macula allows us to see fine details clearly and is essential for activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

As AMD progresses, it can lead to blurred or distorted central vision, while peripheral (side) vision typically remains intact. This condition is a leading cause of vision loss in people over 50 years of age.

Types of Macular Degeneration

  • Dry AMD: The most common form (about 85-90% of cases), characterized by the presence of drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina and gradual thinning of the macula. It typically progresses slowly over years.
  • Wet AMD: Less common but more severe, involving the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina that leak fluid and blood. This can cause rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated.
  • Stargardt Disease: A rare, inherited form of macular degeneration that can affect younger people, sometimes beginning in childhood or adolescence.
Macular Degeneration Diagram

Macular Degeneration Risk Factors

  • Age over 50 (risk increases with age)
  • Family history of AMD
  • Smoking (doubles the risk)
  • Caucasian ethnicity
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Prolonged sun exposure
  • Poor diet (low in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids)

Symptoms & Diagnosis

Recognizing AMD Symptoms

In the early stages, AMD may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the condition progresses, you may experience:

  • Blurred or fuzzy vision
  • Difficulty recognizing faces
  • Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted (a key warning sign)
  • A dark, empty area or blind spot in the center of your vision
  • Decreased brightness of colors
  • Difficulty adapting to low light levels
  • Increased blurriness of printed words
  • Difficulty with close-up work like sewing or fixing things

It's important to note that AMD affects central vision but usually does not impact peripheral vision. This means that while activities requiring detailed vision become difficult, complete blindness from AMD is rare.

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially sudden changes in your vision, contact us immediately for an evaluation.

Advanced Diagnostic Technology

At the Eyecare Center of Orange County, we utilize state-of-the-art technology to diagnose and monitor macular degeneration:

  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Creates detailed cross-sectional images of the retina to detect early signs of AMD and monitor progression
  • Fundus Photography: Captures high-resolution images of the retina to document changes over time
  • Amsler Grid Testing: Helps detect visual distortions that may indicate AMD
  • Fluorescein Angiography: Uses a special dye to highlight blood vessels in the retina, particularly useful for diagnosing wet AMD
  • Visual Field Testing: Assesses your central and peripheral vision
  • Visual Acuity Testing: Measures how well you can see at various distances

These comprehensive tests allow us to detect AMD in its earliest stages, when treatment is most effective, and to monitor the progression of the disease over time.

Treatment Options

While there is currently no cure for macular degeneration, various treatments can slow its progression and help manage symptoms. The appropriate treatment depends on the type and stage of AMD.

Nutritional Therapy

Research has shown that specific nutritional supplements can reduce the risk of AMD progression in certain patients:

  • AREDS2 Formula: A specific combination of vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin that has been shown to reduce the risk of advanced AMD by about 25% in people with intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish oil and flaxseed, may help reduce inflammation and support retinal health
  • Antioxidant-Rich Diet: Consuming dark, leafy greens, colorful fruits and vegetables, and fish can support eye health

Dr. Bonakdar will recommend appropriate supplements based on your specific condition and overall health.

Treatments for Wet AMD

For wet AMD, treatments focus on stopping the growth and leakage of abnormal blood vessels:

  • Anti-VEGF Injections: Medications like Avastin, Lucentis, or Eylea are injected into the eye to block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulates new blood vessel growth
  • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A light-activated drug is injected into the bloodstream and activated by a laser when it reaches the abnormal blood vessels in the eye
  • Laser Photocoagulation: In some cases, a high-energy laser beam may be used to destroy abnormal blood vessels

Dr. Bonakdar works closely with retina specialists to coordinate these treatments and provide comprehensive care.

Low Vision Rehabilitation

For patients with significant vision loss from AMD, low vision rehabilitation can help maximize remaining vision:

  • Low Vision Devices: Magnifiers, telescopic glasses, electronic reading aids, and other assistive devices
  • Adaptive Techniques: Learning new ways to perform daily activities
  • Environmental Modifications: Improving lighting and contrast in your home
  • Vision Rehabilitation Therapy: Working with specialists to develop strategies for maintaining independence

Our goal is to help you maintain your quality of life and independence despite vision changes from AMD.

Our Approach to AMD Care

Macular Degeneration Examination

At the Eyecare Center of Orange County, we take a comprehensive, personalized approach to macular degeneration management:

  • Early Detection: Our advanced diagnostic technology can identify AMD in its earliest stages, before significant vision loss occurs.
  • Regular Monitoring: We track the progression of your condition with regular examinations and imaging, allowing us to adjust your treatment plan as needed.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: We develop customized strategies based on your specific type and stage of AMD, overall health, and lifestyle needs.
  • Collaborative Care: We work closely with retina specialists and other healthcare providers to ensure you receive comprehensive care.
  • Patient Education: We help you understand your condition and treatment options, empowering you to take an active role in your eye health.
  • Lifestyle Guidance: We provide advice on diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and other lifestyle factors that can impact AMD progression.
  • Low Vision Support: For patients with vision loss, we offer resources and referrals for low vision rehabilitation to help maintain quality of life.

Our goal is to preserve your vision and quality of life through early intervention, appropriate treatment, and ongoing support.

AMD Prevention Strategies

While some risk factors for AMD, such as age and genetics, cannot be changed, there are several lifestyle modifications that may help reduce your risk or slow the progression of the disease:

Nutrition

  • Eat a diet rich in colorful fruits and vegetables, especially dark, leafy greens like spinach and kale
  • Consume fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and sardines
  • Choose whole grains over refined carbohydrates
  • Limit intake of saturated fats and processed foods
  • Maintain a healthy weight

Lifestyle

  • Quit smoking or never start (smoking doubles the risk of AMD)
  • Exercise regularly to improve circulation and heart health
  • Control blood pressure and cholesterol levels
  • Protect your eyes from UV light with sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats
  • Get regular comprehensive eye examinations

Self-Monitoring

  • Use an Amsler grid at home to monitor your central vision (we can provide this simple tool)
  • Check each eye separately, with glasses if you wear them
  • Look for any distortion, blurring, or missing areas in the grid
  • Report any changes to your eye doctor immediately
  • Be aware of any changes in your ability to read, recognize faces, or see details

Frequently Asked Questions

Is macular degeneration hereditary?

There is a genetic component to AMD. If you have a family history of the condition, your risk is higher. Several genes have been identified that are associated with AMD, and genetic testing is available, though not routinely recommended. If you have family members with AMD, it's especially important to have regular eye examinations and to adopt lifestyle habits that may reduce your risk.

Will I go blind from macular degeneration?

While AMD can cause significant vision loss, it rarely leads to complete blindness. AMD affects central vision, which is needed for detailed tasks like reading and driving, but it typically does not affect peripheral (side) vision. Even with advanced AMD, most people retain some vision and can maintain independence with appropriate low vision aids and rehabilitation. Early detection and treatment are key to preserving as much vision as possible.

How often should I have my eyes checked for AMD?

The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that adults have a comprehensive eye examination at age 40, with follow-up exams:

  • Every 2-4 years for ages 40-54
  • Every 1-3 years for ages 55-64
  • Every 1-2 years for ages 65 and older

However, if you have risk factors for AMD (such as family history, smoking, or cardiovascular disease), or if you've already been diagnosed with AMD, you may need more frequent examinations. Dr. Bonakdar will recommend an appropriate schedule based on your individual situation.

Can diet really help prevent or slow AMD?

Yes, research has shown that nutrition plays a significant role in AMD risk and progression. The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS and AREDS2) demonstrated that a specific formulation of vitamins and minerals can reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD by about 25% in people with intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye.

Additionally, a diet rich in dark, leafy greens (which contain lutein and zeaxanthin), omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish), and colorful fruits and vegetables (high in antioxidants) appears to be protective. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates may increase risk. While diet alone cannot prevent or cure AMD, it is an important part of a comprehensive approach to eye health.

What's the difference between dry and wet AMD?

Dry AMD and wet AMD are different forms of the same condition:

  • Dry AMD is characterized by the presence of drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina and gradual thinning of the macula. It typically progresses slowly over years and accounts for about 85-90% of AMD cases. Currently, there is no medical treatment for dry AMD, but nutritional supplements (AREDS2 formula) may slow progression in certain cases.
  • Wet AMD involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina that leak fluid and blood. It can cause rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated. Wet AMD is less common (about 10-15% of cases) but more serious. It can be treated with anti-VEGF injections, photodynamic therapy, or laser treatments to stop the growth and leakage of abnormal blood vessels.

Dry AMD can sometimes progress to wet AMD, which is why regular monitoring is essential. Any sudden changes in vision should be reported immediately, as early treatment of wet AMD is crucial for preserving vision.

Patient Testimonials

"When I was diagnosed with dry AMD, I was terrified of losing my vision. Dr. Bonakdar took the time to explain my condition thoroughly and developed a comprehensive plan to monitor and manage it. His nutritional recommendations and regular check-ups have helped keep my AMD stable for years."

- William D., 73

"After noticing distorted vision in my right eye, Dr. Bonakdar quickly diagnosed wet AMD and referred me to a retina specialist for treatment. His prompt action and coordination with the specialist saved my vision. I continue to see Dr. Bonakdar for monitoring, and his care has been exceptional."

- Patricia L., 68

"Living with AMD has been challenging, but Dr. Bonakdar and his team have provided not just medical care but also emotional support. They've helped me with low vision aids and strategies to maintain my independence. I'm grateful for their comprehensive approach to my eye health."

- Robert H., 79

Protect Your Vision Today

Early detection and management are key to preserving your vision with macular degeneration. Schedule your comprehensive eye examination with Dr. Bonakdar.

Book a Consultation Call Us: 714-558-1182

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